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trophic state index
The quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other biologically useful nutrients are the primary determinants of a body of water's trophic state index (TSI). Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus tend to be limiting resources in standing water bodies, so increased concentrations tend to result in increased plant growth, followed by corollary increases in subsequent trophic levels. Consequently, a body of water's trophic index may sometimes be used to make a rough estimate of its biological condition.〔United States Environmental Protection Agency (2007) Carlson's Trophic State Index. ''Aquatic Biodiversity''. http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/aquatic/carlson.html ''accessed 17 February 2008''.〕 Although the term "trophic index" is commonly applied to lakes, any surface water body may be indexed.
==Carlson's Trophic State Index==
Carlson's index is one of the more commonly used trophic indices and is the trophic index used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.〔 The ''trophic state'' is defined as the total weight of biomass in a given water body at the time of measurement. Because they are of public concern, the Carlson index uses the algal biomass as
an objective classifier of a lake or other water body's trophic status.〔Carlson, R.E. (1977) A trophic state index for lakes. ''Limnology and Oceanography''. 22:2 361--369.〕 According to the US EPA, the Carlson Index should only be used with lakes that have relatively few rooted plants and non-algal turbidity sources.〔
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